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The arithmetic is trivial; the mistakes are about sequencing

The [msm_tool slug="discount-calculator"] does one simple calculation: the saving is the original price multiplied by the percentage and divided by a hundred, and the final price is whatever remains. That simplicity is the actual point — most errors people make with discounts are not arithmetic mistakes at all, but sequencing mistakes, where two separate reductions get combined as though they simply add together.

Stacked discounts multiply, they never add

A thirty per cent reduction followed by a twenty per cent reduction is not fifty per cent off, because the second discount is taken from the price that the first one already reduced — the result leaves fifty-six per cent of the original price remaining, a total reduction of forty-four per cent rather than the fifty most people expect. Every stacked combination of discounts comes to less than the simple sum of their individual percentages.

Buy one, get one free is half off two items

Framed as a percentage, that offer is fifty per cent off the combined price of two items, not a hundred per cent off a single one, and it is genuinely a saving only if both items were actually wanted in the first place — a second item nobody needed is not a saving at any percentage.

Whether tax applies before or after the discount changes the total

Some jurisdictions apply a discount to the pre-tax price and then add tax on the reduced amount; others tax the full price first and apply the discount afterwards. The final figure genuinely differs between the two approaches, so it is worth knowing which one applies before assuming the discounted price is the whole story.

The reference price matters more than the percentage advertised

A large percentage taken off an inflated list price can still leave a higher final cost than a smaller percentage taken off a fair one elsewhere, since the percentage says nothing at all about where the starting price actually sat. Comparing the final prices directly is the reliable check; comparing the advertised percentages against each other is not.